Typographic apparatus



Feb..27, 1940. L. GRUDIN TYPoGRAPHIc APPARATUS@ 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Fild June 23, 1958 :inventor ZzLZlS' @radin Bg 7 @M Cttorneg Feb. 27, 1940.

1 .GRUDIN TYPOGRAPHIG APPARATUS Filed Jude 23, 193e 4 Smets-sheet 2 M M w M M. n a M a @a a a ou. um 1 um w IW w //z www www

w m f :inventor (Ittomeg Feb. 27, 1940. L GRUDm 2,191,713

TYPOGRAPHIC APPARATUS Filed June 25, 1958 4-SheetsSheet 3 :inventor Gttomeg Patented Feb. 27, 1940 Y UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 12 Claims.

The present invention relates to typographie apparatus or devices for use in printing, and has for an object to reduce the usual number of parts and operations now necessary in setting up type.

characters and the like now required to carry out the operations.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved set of type or character sheets or strips which may carry a relatively large number of styles of the same letter or character and which has certain novel characteristics facilitating the lining up of the letters or characters of a number of the strips into a composite line of printing, the sheets admitting of the close or wide spacing apart of the separate letters, or

the like, and the intertting and angular printing of the same to meet conditions of the printing and differences in styles and shapes of the letters, or the like, used.

A further object of the invention is to provide a novel magazine and table for the type sheets to hold them in assorted overlapping positions, and in positions for ready observation and access.

Another object of the invention is to provide a g5 novel holder for retaining the type sheets or strips in set up overlapping positions and for ldetermining the correct spacings and angular positions of the strips according to the desired composition.

The invention also embodies type sheets or strips with indicia so placed thereon as to contradistinguish the sheets bearing one form of letters or type characters from other sheets bearing different forms of the same.

With the foregoing and other objects in View,

the invention will be more fully described hereinafter, and will be more particularly pointed out in the claims appended hereto.

In the drawings, wherein like symbols refer to like or corresponding parts throughout the several views.

Figure 1 is a perspective view of one form of of a. type strip having a small letter displayed in different styles thereon.

Figure 6 is a view similar to Figure 3, but showing a letter in styles different therefrom and showing one form of indice at the end of the 6 type strip.

Figure 7 is a view similar to Figure 5, showing notches or recesses in the edges of the strip for close nesting of printing characters having overhanging portions. l0

Figure 8 is a perspective View of a type strip having one end overturned to show the obverse and reverse sides of the strip.

Figure 9 is a fragmentary face view of two type strips assembled in set up relation, the strips 16 having oppositely inclined guide lines.

Figure 10 is a similar view of four type strips assembled in set up position with guide lines of various angular relations on the strips.

Figure 11 is a fragmentary face view of a pair 20 of face strips similar to Figure 9 but with different characters thereon.

Figure 12 is a like view of a pair vof type strips having transverse rightangular guide lines and with one strip notched for close setting of the 25 characters in the printing line.

Figure 13 is a similar view but with the type strips oiset longitudinally to bring into register characters of different styles.

Figure 14 is a perspective view of a set up strip 30 holder for assembling the strips.

Figure 15 is a top plan view of the same, showing several type strips in position therein.

Referring now to the drawings, and first to Figure 1, the apparatus is provided with a table 35 25 or similar device which is to take the place of the usual type case usually employed for holding the loose type in suitable separated groups for easy access of the typesetter. In the present instance, the table 25 is provided with a ilat or 40 smooth upper surface forming the table top and upon which the devices of this invention may be readily assembled, and the table is provided with any suitable support, such as a post 26. Along one edge of the table 25, which may be referred 45 to as the upper edge thereof, is a trough 21 which is divided by a plurality of partitions 28 into a row of compartments, and the trough 21 with its compartments is relatively deep and narrow and is preferably inclined, as shown, downwardly and to the right for the purpose of admitting of the quick and easy grasping of type strips hereinafter described so that they may be lengthwise withdrawn by an upward wiping movement of the inger from the selected compartments. At

the outer side of the trough 21 may be placed a shallow ltray 23 which preferably extends throughout the length ofthe trough and which is of suillcient width to accommodate strips withdrawn from the compartments or which are to be placed therein during .the handling of the strips and the` setting up of the same as will later appear, and this is also hinged to serve as a cover of the trough when not in use.

A lower trough 30 extends along the lower or inner edge of the table 25 and is provided with inclined partitions 3| forming a row ci' compartments for the reception 4of certain of the type strips, and for purposes of convenience the trough in with its partitions 3| may terminate at its upper edge in a plane disposed below the surface level of the table 25. v.Side troughs 32 are secured along the opposite ends of the table 26 and are provided with partitions 33 therein dividing the troughs lengthwise into a plurality or series of -compartments for other type strips and these troughs 32 may also be provided with shallow trays 34 for receivingtype strips which are adapted to be later replaced in their respective compartments. It will be noted that the troughs 31 and 32 preferably terminate at their upper edge flush with the table top 25, and the table top may be provided with indicating lines and slits 35 which extend from the upper edges of the respective partitions 28 and 33 to facilitate location .of the various compartments to guide the lingers thereto in positioning and removing the type strips relative to their various compartments.

The assembling table is adapted to carry in its various compartments sheets or type strips 36, shown in detail in Figures 2 to 8 and which may be made of paper or other suitable material admitting of theeasy and quick handling of the strips and at the same time being durable and capable of setting 0E for photostating or photographing purposes the various letters or other characters which are placed on them.

With reference to Figure 2 in particular, the type strip 36 is provided along one edge with a letter 31, such as the letter B shown in this instance, and these letters are disposed toward the left edge of the strip and are equi-distantly spaced on the strip lengthwise thereof and are of diiierent characteristics or typestyles to agree with the usual or desired stylistic effects or to follow certain prescribed characteristics of styles of printing type. It is desirable that on each strip 3B the letter 31 of a type of a certain style be similarly located in a denite relation on the strip throughout the series of strips. In' other Words, if the second letter B of Figure 2 is the desired typographie style or character of letter desired for setting up certain printing, the second letter of each strip 3S throughout the alphabet, is of a similar typographie style or character to facilitate the quick and easy assembly of a number of strips 36 to spell out the various words in setting up the printing matter desired uniformly in the desired typographie style. The strip 36 is provided at one end with a suitable indice 38 denoting Whether the letter oi the strip is roman, italic or otherwise, and which will also indicate, as shown in Figure 8, which side of the strip is uppermost for use, preferably the indice 38 at one side of the strip being solid as shown,

and preferably of hollow outline as shown at 38a on the reverse side in Figure 8; Each strip 36 is provided with a line of the same letter repeated in different styles extending lengthwise from top to bottom oi' the left edge not only at each side of the strip but also with respect to the reversal of the strip with the bottom uppermost or with the reverse face in obverse position, so that each strip carries four lines of the same letter in ditferent style characteristics and with the letters so spaced apart and disposed upon the single strip that by the use of this single strip a relatively large number oi' dinerent styles oi' the same f letter may be had. The advantage of this strip,

therefore, over a metal type is apparent because a separate metal type has'to be provided for each style of the same line, and necessarily in metal type a relatively large number of each letter of each style has to be provided to properly equip a printing plant. It is only necessary to provide a strip 36 for each letter for as many times as a complete set of the letters is necessary for the average printing plant, and thus the space, expense and handling of the metal type-is reduced to a minimum and by the use of relatively light strips which need be selected but once from the type case to obtain a letter of any desired style.

As shown in Figure 2, the letters 31 are of substantially block type or style with the strokes or lines thereof running vertically and horizontally for the most part and the spaced letters thereon are provided with equi-distantly spaced apart transverse guide lines 39, which in this instance are at right angles to the opposite edges of the strip 36 and the guide lines 39 are adapted to cooperate and aline with corresponding guide lines on other strips 36 to properly aline a series of letters in setting up matter to be printed.

As shown in Figure 3, the type strip 4U is of the same construction and dimensions as that of the strip 36 but may be provided along its edges and opposite faces with rows of diii'erent styles of a letter 4| such as the letter A as shown. This letter 4l is provided with at least one inclined side and in this instance the transverse guide lines 42 of the strip 4B are disposed obliquely across the faces of the strip 40 and at right angles to the vertical axis a, a, of the letter on the strip, so that thefside b of the letter is substantially parallel to the edge of the strip, and so that when the guide line 42 is brought into register horizontally with a guide line of another strip, by swinging the strip 40 into the required angular relation with respect to an adjacent strip, as shown in Figures 9, l0 and 1l, the letters of the various strips will be properly aiined for presenting the finished line of printing.

As shown in Figure 4 another type strip 43 is provided with a letter 44 thereon which is repeated in diilerent styles in spaced relation along the edges and opposite sides of the strip #t3 similar to the strips 36 and 40, but wherein the guide lines 45 are disposed at an opposite angle of inclination across the face of the guide strip 43 as compared with the guide lines 42 of the strip 40, the guide lines 45 being disposed at substantially right angles to the vtrtical axis of the letter 44 in a similar manner o that disclosed on the strip 40. When the guide strip 43 is assembled with other strips it will have to be turned into a suitable angle to aline the selected guide line 45 with the guide lines of the other strips to dispose all of the guide lines in a horizontal alined position.

It is also further advantageous to dispose the rows of letters on the same side of the type strip in offset relation with respect to the length of the strip so that the selected style of letter, whatever its position along any edge of a strip, will be 15 2,191,718 uniformly in alinement when turned into reading position from left to right, such that a capital letter, a lower case letter with a long ascending stroke such as "h or l, and a lower case letter with a, long descending stroke, such as p or y, will be properly in alinement respecting a guide line 42, when placed consecutively to read from left to right. k

In Figure 5 the strip 46 is provided with lower case letters 41 which are the small letters of the alphabet and which are also set forth in rows of the letter in different styles spaced along the opposite edges and opposite sides of the strip in the manner above described so that the strip 46 may be quickly alined with the other selected strips by use of the transverse guide lines 48 disposed between the spaced characters of the strip 46 across the opposite faces of the strip. In this instance, the insignia or indice 38 is a hollow configuration which may be of slightly different form than that shown in Figure 8 but which may indicate the reverse side of the strip 46, the same configuration being repeated on an opposite side but in solid form as shown at 38 in Figure 8.

In Figure 6 the type strip 49 isprovided with guide lines 50 similar to the guide lines 42 of Figure 3 but wherein the styles of the letters 5I are italics (or slanting letters) while the letters 4| of Figure 3 are roman (or upright letters) and require a different angular set-up in the printing line. Of course, the diagonal guide lines 50 determine the positioning of the strip 49 in setting up the printing line. (E), being a slanting, i. e., an italic letter, has a diagonal mark or indice, as distinguished from the letter (A) in Figure 3, which is a roman letter, having a vertical indice.

Now Figure 7 shows a type strip 52 which is provided with a lower case letter 53, such as the a as shown and which is adapted to be positioned and nested closely into a capital letter such as shown in Figure 12 where the spacing is to be small. In this instance, the strip 52 is provided with a notch 54 immediately above each representation of the letter, and the notch 54 is of such size as to accommodate the overhanging portion of the adjacent letter 31, shown in Figure 12 so that the entire letter 31 is visible and the small letter 53 is properly disposed in close intertting position relative to the overhanging of the capital letter. All the strips above are scored along the length, midway between the parallel longitudinal edges, the scoring providing a rib which gives them relatively greater rigidity in handling.

As an aid to setting up and holding printing matter for photostating or photographic -purposes, any suitable holder or set-up frame which is capable of being masked in the ordinary manner of photographing, may be used. Preferably, however, the present apparatus embodies a novel form of set-up strip holder for individually engaging and holding each strip in its relative position, so that the strips cannot be readily disturbed after once they are adjusted and alined. The improved holder also admits of the quick and easy insertion and adjustment of the strips into their various angularly and longitudinally adjusted positions without disturbing adjacent strips during such adjustment. This novel type of holder is shown in Figures 14 and 15, and is adapted to be placed upon the upper surface of the table 25 in such position that in the use of the holder the strip troughs are in position of easy access so that the strips may be quickly and 'I'he letter shown,

easily withdrawn as they are assembled in the holder. Each strip being in its respective compartment or space between two consecutive leaves or sheets of the pad, is thereby protected against friction and disturbance of the next strip, while the protruding portion of the strip may be grasped or pushed into any desired adjustment or alinement of its position.

As shown in Figures 14 and 15, the holder is of book pad form having a plurality of superimposed sheets 55 which are hingedly connected togethervonly at one end 56 so as to lie rilat and loose and to tolerate the bulk of the strips to be inserted, yet permitting tightening down after` v are provided in their opposite longitudinal edges with recesses or cut out portions 51 which extend from the inner hinged ends 56 of the sheets out- Wardly and the slots 51 of the sheets successively increase in length from the bottommost sheet 55 upwardly through the book, leaving exposed to the upper surface of the closed book a series of lateral edge portions 58 which are preferably cut on an inclination and flare outwardly and toward the free ends of the sheets 55. These exposed edge portions provide guides or means of ready access to the fingers for the introduction of the various type strips used, preferably one beneath each sheet 55 so that the type strips may be quickly and easily introduced into separate compartments in the holder, the compartments being preferably, as shown in Figure 15, between the sheets 55. In Figure a number of the type strips 36, 40 and 43 have been inserted and relatively adjusted to aline .their respective guide lines 39, 42 and 45 into a horizontal position parallel with the inner edge portions of the recesses 51. As shown in Figure 14, the topmost sheet 55a may be provided along its opposite edges with graduations providing scales 59 indicative of the spacing of type letters and the length of line of type composed, and the edges of the type strips may be correspondingly adjusted lengthwise within the book holder to obtain the necessary and desired equal spacing of the letters apart depending upon their relations in and between Words and incident to the characteristics of the Vletters and their styles as used. The opposite edges of the recesses 51 may provide the ground guides forsetting up the type strips and the book holder may be provided across its exposed guide edges 58, at one side of the book, with an intermediate ground line 60 with which the guide lines, 39, 42, 45, etc., may be properly alined, as shown in Figures 9 to 13 and 15 for proper positioning the printing set-up.

After the type strips have all been laid in the holder to set up the desired printing, and the book closed, the protruding ends of the strips may be readily grasped and independently slid in to the finally adjusted and alined positions in their respective compartments. As shown in Figure 13, a letter 31 of one style on a type strip, such as the strip 36, may be used with a letter 31 of a different style on a second type strip 36 relative to the other so that the base or guide lines 39 of the respective styles selected may be brought into transverse alinement with respect to the ground line 60 of the holder. 'I'he top sheet.

secutively. are assembled together with the two type strips having the same guide lines Il thereon but with different letters and wherein the strips 36 and 40 have their respective guide lines 39 and 42 brought into transverse alinement with the guide lines 45. All of the guide lines of these strips are coincident with or parallel to the ground line 80 of the holder. Thus, the letters or characters on the type strips are brought into proper alinement for printing and the spacing apart of the strips may be determined by the scales 59 of the holder. 1 It will be noted that letters with overhanging portions, such as T, Y, V, and the like, may be placed at suitable angles on their respective strips with their transverse guide lines I5 at substantially right angles to the axis of the letters, so that,as shown in Figures 9, 10 and 11, these letters may be closely interiltted with adjacent letters so as to offset the necessity vof widely spacing apart letters of this form in the printing line. Similar- 1y, the italics or slanting letters.

The book or pad 55 may have suitable means for locking or holding the leaves thereof againstv relative sliding movement, and in the present instance posts 55 are shown which rise through perforations formed in the outer end portion of the leaves, as shown in Figures 14 and 15.

The troughs 21, and 32 are suiliciently deep to receive the type strips in upright position, and the inclined partitions 28 and 3| are inclined so that the indices 38 at the top of the type sheets or strips may be readily seen. The partitions 33 in the end troughs 32 are transversely disposed so that the type sheets or strips therein may be easily observed for selection and withdrawal relative to the indices on the sheet or strip. The compartments in the table are of sufllcient size each to hold a desired number of duplicates of each type sheet or strip, so that all of the necessary styles of letters, punctuations, numbers and other configurations of the usual printing plant may be included in a small space and with a relatively small number of parts to be handled.

After the type sheets or strips have been set up in the holder overlapping alignment and given the final adjustment therein, the print- `ing set-up may be photostated, photographed, or

the like, for reproduction of the set-up printed matter.

The apparatus may be economically made and maintained and easily kept up-to-date, and admits of great ease, speed and accuracy in its use.

From the foregoing, it will be seen that flexible sheets are provided, each having a multiplicity of styles of a single type character thereon, so placed thereon as to permit overlapping formation in type composition by several of such sheets, enabling a selective combination of typographie styles in any one line of type composition, under universal adjustment for aligning and spacing in different layouts.

Also, such sheets are of such conguration a to enable them to form a part of a system of typesetting in which the sheets are readily aligned in the type composing pad, and also readily redistributed therefrom in a type magazine from which they may be selectively and repeatedly assembled for typographie composition.

It is obvious that various changes and modiflcations may be made/in the details of construction and design of the above specifically described embodiments of this invention without departing from the spirit thereof, such changes and modifications being restricted only by the scopo of the following claims.

What is claimed is:

1. In typographie apparatus, a plurality of type sheets, each having a type character thereon repeated in diiferent typographie styles. a

` composing holder for receiving a plurality of the vto support a plurality of the type sheets separated and grouped according to the characters on the sheets, said pockets being open at their upper ends for exposing the upper ends of the type sheets to facilitate grasping thereof for withdrawal from the pockets and positioning and alining of the type sheets in the composing holder.

2. In typographie apparatus, a table having a flat upper surface and a type magazine comprising independent rows of pockets arranged at the sides and ends of the table and extending downwardly at predetermined angles, a plurality of type sheets removably positioned in the pockets and with indices at their ends for inspection at the upper ends of the pockets to designate their relative locations about the table in the pockets, and a composing holder supported upon the upper surface of the table within the area defined by said pockets for receiving sheets from the pockets for lining up and exposing the characters of the sheets into composite form, said pockets being open at their upper ends for exposing the upper ends of the type sheets to facilitate grasping thereof for withdrawal from the pockets and positioning and alining of the type sheets in the composing holder.

3. In typographic apparatus, a table having a flat working top, independent troughs arranged along the ends and sides of the table, transverse partitions disposed in the troughs and extending downwardly therein at predetermined angles for supporting type sheets with their upper ends exposed to view at one side of the table and for ready access and grasping by an operator for the withdrawal of the type sheets, said type sheets while grasped adapted to be assembled in order of withdrawal from the troughs to set up a line of printing on the table top.

4. In typographie apparatus, the combination with a plurality of type sheets having printing characters thereon, an assembling holder of book pad form adapted to receive the sheets between the leaves of the book pad, said leaves of the book pad having recesses therein for exposing the' character bearing portions of the type sheets at the upper face of the book pad, said sheets adapted for relative adjustment between the leaves of the pad with each other for setting up a printing line of composition,

5. In typographie apparatus, the combination of a plurality of type sheets having printing characters thereon and provided with guide lines extending across the sheets in predetermined relation to the printing characters, and a book pad having a plurality of hingedly connected leaves successively recessed, said leaves adapted to receive therebetween said type sheets and said type sheets adapted for adjustment between the leaves relative to the guide lines on the sheets for disposing the printing characters in a composite line through the recesses of the said leaves.

6. In typographie apparatus, the combination of a plurality of type sheets having longitudinal rows of type characters thereon and with guide lines disposed transversely across the sheets in definite relation to the respective characters on the sheets, and a book holder having a plurality of leaves providing compartments between the leaves for the reception individually of the type sheets, said leaves being recessed to expose certainA portions of the type sheets through the book holder and said sheets adapted to be adjusted between the leaves to aline the guide lines of the sheets to aline the characters of the sheets in a definite printing composition.

7. In typographie apparatus, the combination oi a plurality of type sheets having spaced apart type characters arranged in longitudinal rows on the strips, guide lines extending across the faces of the sheets between the characters and in denite relation thereto, a book holder having a plurality of leaves adapted to receive the sheets therebetween, said leaves being recessed at their longitudinal edges for exposing portions of the sheets through the holder and said sheets adapted to be adjusted between the leaves to aline the guide lines thereof to dispose the selected characters of the sheets in a denite lines of printing composition visible through the face of the holder.

8. In typographie apparatus, the combination of a plurality of type sheets having spaced apart type characters arranged in longitudinal rows on the strips, guide lines extending across the faces of the sheets between the characters and in definite relation thereto, a book holder having a plurality of leaves adapted to receive the sheets therebetween, said leaves being recessed at their longitudinal edges for exposing portions of the sheets through the holder and said sheets adapted to be adjusted between the leaves to aline the guide lines thereof to dispose the selected characters of the sheets in a definite line of printing composition visible through the face oi.' the holder, said book holder having guide lines to register with the guide lines on the sheets 9. In typographie apparatus, a type sheet holder comprising a pad of superposed'leaves hingedly connected together at one end of the pad, said leaves being recessed at their opposite longitudinal edges with the recesses extending from the hinged ends of the leaves toward the free ends thereof and with the recesses successively increased in length from said hinged end outwardly and having the outer edges of the recesses inclined outwardly toward vthe longitudinal edges oi' the leaves whereby to provide successive stepped exposed portions or the leaves for gulding type sheets into position between the leaves.

and for admitting oi' the quick and easy separation and lifting of the leaves.

10. In typographie apparatus, a type sheet holder comprising a pad of superposed leaves hingedly connected together at one end of the pad, said leaves being recessed at their opposite longitudinal edges with the recesses extending from the hinged ends of the leaves toward the free ends thereof and with the recesses successively increased in length from said hinged end outwardly and having the outer edges of the recesses inclined outwardly toward the longitudinal edges of the leaves whereby to provide successive stepped exposed portions of the leaves for guiding type sheets into position between the leaves and for admitting of the quick and easy separationand lifting of the leaves, the pad or book having a hinged top cover with guide lines and a measure scale thereon, and means to lock and unlock said cover.

1l. In typographie apparatus, a plurality of type sheets eachhaving a character thereon repeated in different typographie styles at spaced portions lengthwise of the sheet, a holder having overlapping pockets therein for receiving the sheets therethrough and admitting the independent lengthwise sliding of the sheets to expose the selected styles of characters of the sheets in line in the holder, a support for the holder having groups of compartments open at one end for receiving and segregating the type sheets with portions disposed for easy grasping to remove the selected type sheets from the compartments and position and adjust the sheets in the pockets of the holder while still grasping the sheets for alining the desired typographical characters thereon in the holder.

12. In typographie apparatus, 'a plurality of type sheets each having a character thereon repeated in different typographie styles at spaced portions lengthwise of the sheet, a holder having overlapping pockets therein i'or receiving the sheets therethrough and admitting the independent lengthwise sliding of the sheets to expose vthe selected style of, characters of the sheets in line in the holder, a support for the holder having groups of vertically extending compartments open at their upper ends for receiving and segregating the type sheets and holding the same with their ends in position for easy grasping to remove the type sheets from the compartments and insert and slidably adjust the type sheets in the pockets of the the same.

holder without regrasping LOUIS GRUDIN. 

